목차
Executive Summary viii
Key Recommendations viii
Introduction 1
1. Climate Finance at a Crossroads 3
Global Outlook 3
Future Headwinds 4
Can Private Finance Fill the Gap? 6
Conclusion 7
2. Framework for a BRICS Agenda on Climate Finance 8
BRICS and Climate Finance 8
Overcoming Asymmetries with Solidarity 9
Four Pillars of Action 10
3. Increasing Climate Finance in BRICS Institutions 11
The New Development Bank 11
What can the NDB do? 12
BRICS and other Public Development Banks 14
What can BRICS do? 15
Sovereign Wealth Funds 15
What can SWFs do? 15
4. South-South Coordination 17
Overcoming Fragmentation 17
Country Platforms 18
What can BRICS do? 18
5. Building Resilience to Shocks 20
Preparing for Climate Shocks 20
The Contingent Reserve Arrangement 20
What can the CRA do? 21
What can the NDB do? 21
6. Broader Global Economic Governance Reform 22
High Time to Transform Global Economic Governance 22
What can BRICS do? 23
Conclusion 24
List of Figures
Figure 1
Climate finance flows, estimated needs, and proposed NCQG targets 4
Figure 2
External Climate Finance Provision from non-Annex II Countries
in 2022 via MDBs 9
Figure 3
MDBs’ climate finance commitments in low- and middle-income
economies, 2019-23 12
List of Tables
Table 1
Total MDB climate finance, 2023 13
