목차
Title page 1
Contents 5
Abstract 3
Acknowledgements 4
Executive summary 8
1. Introduction 9
2. Review of existing taxonomies 10
WIPO (2019) 10
OECD (2020) 10
Country Activity Tacker (2020) 11
USPTO (2021 and 2024) 11
WIPO on Generative AI (2024) 12
Other existing taxonomies 12
3. A novel approach to identifying emerging AI fields 13
Enrich the list of AI keywords to capture emerging trends 13
Use of patent classification system 14
Expert validation 16
Revised AI patent identification methodology 17
4. Recent trends in AI patents 18
Evolution of patenting in AI 18
Leading countries in AI patents 19
5. Conclusion and limitations 22
References 23
Annex A. Identify CPC codes related to AI 25
Annex B. New AI search strategy 28
Annex C. Expert consultation 31
Annex D. Comparison with previous methodology 33
Annex E. Method for nowcasting AI PCT patents 36
Endnotes 39
Figures 7
Figure 3.1. Distribution of patents by "Core AI" CPC groups and AI-related keywords 15
Figure 4.1. Evolution of AI patents, 2010-2023 18
Figure 4.2. Top 10 keywords listed in patents' titles or abstract, 2020 19
Figure 4.3. Top 15 countries patenting in AI, 2020-23 20
Figure 4.4. Revealed technological advantage in AI, 2014-16 and 2020-23 21
Boxes 14
Box 3.1. Systematic identification and extraction of recent AI keywords 14
Annex Tables 7
Table A A.1. Description of selected CPC subclasses connected to AI-related technologies 25
Table A A.2. Patent counts by CPC groups and AI-related keywords 26
Table A B.1. Revised list of AI-related keywords 28
Table A B.2. Revised list of AI-related CPC groups 30
Table A E.1. PCT patent counts for a set AI keywords, based on PATENTSCOPE 37
Annex Figures 7
Figure A D.1. Previous vs. revised OECD AI patents identification methodology 33
Figure A D.2. Country's share in total AI patents, previous vs. revised OECD methodology, 2010-15 and 2018-21 34
Figure A D.3. Top 30 frequent terms emerging from AI patent abstracts, previous vs. revised methodology 34
Figure A D.4. Word cloud of AI patents' abstract, 2018-21 35
Figure A E.1. Statistics on PCT filings by different sources 36
Figure A E.2. Evolution of the share of AI patents in total, by sources 38
