The Paris Agreement at Ten Years : Expert Views on Progress and Challenges for Climate Change Mitigation

Preface 3
Foreword 4
Acknowledgements 5
Executive Summary 10

1 Overview and policy highlights 12
 1.1. Introduction 13
 1.2. Methodology: an expert survey approach 15
 1.3. The key takeaways 17
 1.4. An extended summary of the results 18
 References 21
 Notes 22

2 The survey 23
 2.1. Survey description and design 24
 2.2. Response collection and expert sampling 27
 2.3. Weighting observations for expertise and potential disengagement 28
 2.4. This study in relation to the existing literature 29
 References 33
 Annex 2.A. Additional information on experts and treatment of responses 36
 Notes 39

3 The added value of the Paris Agreement 40
 3.1. The past present and future added value of the Paris Agreement 41
 3.2. The added value of the Paris Agreement vis-à-vis the Kyoto Protocol 46
 3.3. Characteristics of the Paris Agreement that underpin its added value 49
 References 49
 Annex 3.A. Econometric analysis of non-government responses survey parts A1 and A2 50
 Notes 56

4 Views on the current situation 57
 4.1. Alignment compatibility and progress 58
 4.2. Barriers and challenges 60
 References 64
 Notes 68

5 Enabling success and transformative change 70
 5.1. The future: enablers and sources of change 71
 5.2. Policy directions for drastic emissions reductions 74
 References 76
 Notes 79

Annex A. OECD Survey on the transformative effects of the Paris Agreement 81