Energy Efficiency 2023

Executive summary 9

Chapter 1. Energy efficiency and demand trends  16
Energy intensity and demand 16
Energy prices and affordability 29

Chapter 2. Sector trends in energy efficiency 35
Overview 35
Transport. 37
Industry 45
Buildings 51
Electrification and system level efficiency  56

Chapter 3. Finance and employment 62
Efficiency investment trends 62
Property assessed clean energy financing. 70
Energy efficiency employment 72

Chapter 4. Energy efficiency policy progress updates 75
International developments. 75
National and regional developments  76
Regulations and standards 82
Behaviour change 85
Energy efficiency obligation schemes. 88

Chapter 5. Key issues for governments  90
Why is energy intensity progress lower in 2023 despite significant policy action? 90
What does doubling global progress on energy efficiency entail? 96
How does the hottest year on record drive urgency for efficiency measures?  102
How are consumers benefiting from system efficiency?  107
Has the energy crisis accelerated the shift away from gas in residential space heating? 113
Can efficient cooling help manage fast rising electricity demand in India and achieve thermal comfort for all? 119