Title page 1

Contents 6

Acknowledgments 4

Executive summary 8

1. Balancing growth with sustainability: A 'green economy' paradigm 18

1.1. Defining a 'green economy' for India 19

1.2. The need for a green economic paradigm in India 20

1.3. Foreseeable advantages of harnessing the green economy potential in India 20

1.4. The scope of this report 21

2. Research methodology 23

2.1. Identifying key green economic sectors and value chains 24

2.2. Estimating the size of the JMI opportunities for each value chain 27

2.3. Identifying key challenges, risks and recommendations to scaling the value chains, and methodological approach to assessing... 31

2.4. Considerations for carbon emissions reduction 32

2.5. Key methodological considerations and limitations 34

3. Green economic value chains 36

3.1. Energy transition 37

Utility-scale solar deployment 39

Onshore wind deployment 44

Small hydropower deployment 49

Biomass power 53

Rooftop Solar 57

Floating solar photovoltaic 61

Offshore wind deployment 66

AgriPV 71

Manufacturing of solar PV modules 75

Battery manufacturing 79

Wind turbine manufacturing 84

Pumped storage hydropower deployment 89

Deployment of battery energy storage systems 94

Decentralised renewable energy based livelihood technologies 98

Electrolyser manufacturing and green hydrogen deployment 103

Manufacturing of electric vehicles 108

3.2. Circular economy 112

Electronic waste recycling 114

End-of-life vehicle management 119

Lithium-ion battery recycling 124

Plastic waste recycling 129

Resource recovery from organic fraction of municipal solid waste 134

Used cooking oil to biodiesel 139

Used water treatment and reuse 144

3.3. Bio economy and nature-based solutions 149

Agroforestry 151

Bamboo-based products 155

Bio-based packaging from renewable sources 160

Biofibre manufacturing 165

Generating biofuels from agricultural residues (2G) 170

Bio-inputs 174

Chemical-free agriculture 180

Compound cattle feed (CCF) 184

Nutraceuticals 188

Seaweed cultivation 192

Sustainable forest management (SFM) 197

Sustainable tourism 202

Wetland management 207

4. The inclusion of women in India's green economy 212

4.1. Introduction 212

4.2. Nature of women’s work in the energy transition sector 214

4.3. Nature of women's work in the circular economy sector 216

4.4. Nature of women's work in the bio-economy and nature-based solutions sector 219

4.5. Recommendations 222

5. Recommendations to scale-up India's green economy 225

Acronyms 230

References 237

Figures 25

Figure 1. Value chain selection framework 25

Boxes 31

Box 2.1. What are the centralised and decentralised components of a value chain? 31

Box 2.2.a. Key methodological considerations 34

Box 2.2.b. Limitations 35