목차
About This Report iii
Summary v
Figures and Tables xvii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 1
Objective of This Report 1
Organization of This Report 2
CHAPTER 2
Progress on Obligating and Disbursing Recovery Funds to Date 3
Federal Assistance to Puerto Rico Following Hurricanes Irma and Maria 4
Infrastructure Funding 5
The Pace of Recovery to Date: Public Assistance Permanent Work Projects 7
Step 1: Obligating Funds 8
Step 2: Disbursing Funds 9
Comparison of Disbursements with Those from Other Recovery Efforts 11
Conclusion and Recommendations12
How Should the Government of Puerto Rico Track Progress on the Recovery Going Forward? 12
CHAPTER 3
Inflation’s Impact on Recovery Funds 13
Future Disbursement Scenarios Have Implications for Inflation’s Impact on Recovery Funds 13
A $5.0 Billion Inflation-Driven Funding Shortfall Is Expected Across Public Assistance Alternative Procedures Projects 15
Two Subrecipients Account for Most of the Inflation-Driven Funding Shortfalls 17
Understanding the Causes of the Inflation-Driven Funding Shortfalls 17
Higher-Than-Expected Inflation Rates 17
Slower-Than-Anticipated Pace of the Recovery 18
Inflation Also Reduces the Value of Other Recovery Funding Sources 19
Conclusion and Recommendations 19
CHAPTER 4
Process to Disburse Recovery Funding: Challenges and Opportunities for Improvement and Prioritization 21
Process Analysis for Non-FAASt Projects 21
Progress over Time for Non-FAASt Funds 22
Many Damage Inventories Are Significantly Delayed in the Planning or Design Process Step 23
Regression Through the Process 24
Funding Shortfalls Are Likely the Primary Reason That Projects Move Backward 25
Failed Procurement Processes Can Also Cause Projects to Move Backward 26
Consequences of Projects Moving Backward 27
FAASt 27
Conclusion and Recommendations 29
CHAPTER 5
Ensuring a Sufficient Workforce for Recovery 31
Past Trends in Construction Employment and Wages 31
Projecting Future Demand for Labor to Accelerate the Recovery 33
How to Increase the Supply of Construction Workers 34
Cost of Attracting 8,000 Additional Low-Skilled Workers 35
Cost of Attracting 9,000 Additional Mid-Skilled Workers 35
Cost of Attracting More Than 3,000 Additional High-Skilled Workers 36
Crosscutting Results 36
Barriers to Mainland Construction Firms Supporting the Recovery 37
Conclusion and Recommendations 38
CHAPTER 6
Supply Chain Issues 39
Construction Materials Needed to Meet the Recovery Scenarios 39
Shipping Materials and Equipment to Puerto Rico 40
The Trucking Industry’s Capacity to Accelerate the Recovery 42
The Construction Industry’s Capacity to Accelerate the Recovery 42
Conclusion and Recommendations 45
CHAPTER 7
Summary of Key Issues and Recommendations to Accelerate the Recovery 47
Key Issues 47
Recommendations to Accelerate the Recovery49
To Drive Efficiency Improvements, Establish a Centralized Authority with Responsibility for the Recovery Process 49
Develop a Plan and Process for Handling Funding Shortfalls 49
Develop Guidance for Setting Priorities 50
Reduce Bonding Requirements 51
Take Steps to Expand Participation of Mainland Construction Firms 52
Eliminate the Licensing Requirements on Company Owners and Managers 52
Use Bundling to Create Larger Bid Opportunities to Make It Worthwhile for Mainland Firms to Invest in Operations in Puerto Rico 53
Monitor Local Construction Capacity and Shift Back to Local Firms over Time 53
Reduce the Risk for Contractors Working on Recovery Projects 53
Improve Measures of Recovery Progress 54
Abbreviations 55
References 57
