‘All Options Are on the Table’: Assessing the International Legality of Nuclear Threats

Part I: Introduction 1

Part II: Un Charter General Prohibition on Threats (Jus Ad Bellum) 2

Part III: Nuclear Threats Under the Laws of Armed Conflict (Jus In Bello) 7

Part IV: Ateral Negative Security Assurances 11

Part V: The Prohibition on Nuclear Threats in International Agreements 13

Part VI: Conclusion 15

About the Authors 17

Notes 19

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 25