목차
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 2
Why Immigrants Were Fiscally Positive 5
Immigrant Public Revenues and Expenditures 5
Immigrants’ Net Effect on Government Revenue and Spending 12
Why Noncitizens Are Fiscally Positive 18
Why Low-Skilled Immigrants Are Fiscally Positive 22
The Lowest-Educated Immigrants Can Be Fiscally Beneficial 28
Why Illegal Immigrants Were Fiscally Positive 34
Why Immigrants Are Fiscally Positive in the Long Term 36
The Children of Immigrants Will Be Fiscally Positive 39
How Immigration Has Prevented a Debt Crisis 42
Conclusion 44
Appendix 45
Methodology and Data 45
List of Variables in the Fiscal Effects Model 60
New Non–NASEM Variables 69
Notes 81
