Title page 1

Contents 4

Introduction 8

1. Developing a composite indicator for gender equality: rationale and steps 10

2. Core domains 13

2.1. Developing the conceptual framework 13

2.1.1. Conceptualisation 13

2.1.2. Domains of gender equality 15

2.2. Selecting and processing potential indicators 25

2.3. Computing gender gaps 28

2.4. Developing the measurement framework 30

2.5. Computing the Index 32

3. Domains of violence and intersecting inequalities 37

3.1. Domain of violence 37

3.2. Domain of intersecting inequalities 40

References 43

Annex 1. List of indicators of the Gender Equality Index 50

Annex 2. Gender Equality Index scores 56

Annex 3. Descriptive statistics for the raw indicators in Index 2025 66

Annex 4. Correlation matrix for the gender gaps 69

Annex 5. Confirmatory Factor Analysis 70

Tables 33

Table 1. Mean expert weights used for the Gender Equality Index (rounded) 33

Table 2. Types of uncertainty and alternatives tested 35

Table 3. Main characteristics of the Gender Equality Index 36

Table 4. Indicators of the composite measure for violence against women and changes since the 2017 edition 38

Table 5. Gender Equality Index 2025 - list of indicators 50

Table 6. Gender Equality Index 2025 - domains and subdomains (scores and ranks) 56

Table 7. Gender Equality Index, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 (scores and ranks) 58

Table 8. Gender Equality Index for the domain of work and its subdomains, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 (scores and ranks) 59

Table 9. Gender Equality Index for the domain of money and its subdomains, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 (scores and ranks) 60

Table 10. Gender Equality Index for the domain of knowledge and its subdomains, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 (scores and ranks) 61

Table 11. Gender Equality Index for the domain of time and its subdomains, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 (scores and ranks) 62

Table 12. Gender Equality Index for the domain of power and its subdomains, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 (scores and ranks) 63

Table 13. Gender Equality Index for the domain of health and its subdomains, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 (scores and ranks) 65

Figures 16

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the Gender Equality Index 16