Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 2

1. Introduction 3

2. Strikes and workers made idle in the EEF from 1920 to 1970 5

2.1. Workers made idle during the pre-war and war years, 1920-1945 7

2.2. Workers made idle during the post-war years, 1946-70 9

3. Car company mergers and the EEF strikes from 1960 to 1970 11

4. Relative probabilities of workers made idle by strikes, 1960-70 15

4.1. Dispute categories and the frequency of workers made idle by strikes 16

4.2. Regression analysis of workers made idle and the causes of disputes 20

4.3. Estimation results & discussion 22

4.4/4.3. Robustness check: the absolute and relative numbers of workers made idle within strikes 27

5. Summary & Discussion 28

References 31

Online Appendix 33

A. Additional Tables 33

B. Additional Figures 37

C. EEF laid-down procedure for dealing with member-company strikes 40

Tables 12

TABLE 1. Frequency of EEF company pay and non-pay disputes, 1960-70 12

TABLE 2. EEF Companies with over 50 pay-related and/or non-pay-related disputes, 1960-70 13

TABLE 3. Pay and non-pay main causes of EEF strikes, and the incidence of workers made idle by strikes for each cause, 1960-70 17

TABLE 4. Linear probability estimates for whether workers were made idle by a pay-related strike, 1960-70 23

TABLE 5. Linear probability model estimates for whether workers were made idle by a non-pay strike, 1960-70 26

Figures 6

FIGURE 1. Annual numbers of EEF companies and associated strike incidence, 1920-70 6

FIGURE 2. EEF total strikes and the total numbers of workers on strike or made idle across these strikes, 1920-70 6

FIGURE 3. Percentages of total workers directly affected by company strikes who were made idle (as opposed to on strike), 1946-70 10

FIGURE 4. Percentages of EEF strikes with workers made idle: northern vs midland/southern UK districts, 1946-70 11

FIGURE 5. Linear probability model coefficients (IV): Whether workers were made idle, pay disputes, 1960-70 24

FIGURE 6. Linear probability model coefficients (IV): Whether workers were made idle, non-pay disputes, 1960-70 25

Appendix Tables 33

TABLE A1. Means and medians of EEF strike durations (days), 1960-70 33

TABLE A2. Numbers of Unions Involved in EEF company strikes, 1960-70 33

TABLE A3. Local EEF districts used in the 1960-70 regressions 34

TABLE A4. Linear regression estimates for the log absolute or relative numbers of workers made idle by a pay-related strike, 1960-70 35

TABLE A5. Linear regression estimates for the log absolute or relative numbers of workers made idle by a non-pay related strike, 1960-70 36

TABLE C1. Average durations of EEF strikes by year, by pay vs non-pay dispute, and by whether in breach of EEF laid-down procedure, 1960-70 42

Appendix Figures 37

FIGURE B1. EEF total strikes and the total numbers of workers on strike or made idle across these strikes, 1920-70: Strikes weighted by duration 37

FIGURE B2. Percentages of car strikes to total strikes in the EEF, 1960-70 37

FIGURE B3. Percentages of EEF strikes that involve non-pay disputes 38

FIGURE B4. Distributions of the strike duration by whether any workers also made idle and whether strike was pay-related 38

FIGURE B5. Distributions of the number of workers made idle by whether strike was pay-related 39

FIGURE B6. Distributions of the relative size of workforce made idle compared with the number of workers on strike 39

FIGURE C1. Percentages of EEF pay and non-pay strikes in breach of laid-down procedure, 1960-70 42