Executive Summary 3

Foreword -- 6

1 Introduction -- 8

1.1 The Business Case Approach: Purpose and Scope -- 8

1.2 The Urgency of Addressing the Food Security and Nutrition Challenge -- 8

1.3 Realising the Rights to Food: Addressing Affordability and Inequalities Through Food Security and Nutrition-Sensitive Social Protection -- 10

1.4 Food Security and Nutrition as Part of Human Capital Development -- 12

2 The Evidence for Food Security and Nutrition-Sensitive Social Protection -- 14

2.1 Expanding Social Protection Coverage: a Foundation for Addressing Food and Nutrition Security -- 14

2.2 Evidence on Social Protection’s Contribution to Food Security and Nutrition Outcomes -- 15

2.3 The Role of Social Protection in Addressing Food Security and Nutrition in Contexts of Shocks and Crises -- 20

3 The Economic Rationale for Investing in Food Security and Nutrition-Sensitive Social Protection -- 24

3.1 Costs of Inaction -- 24

3.3 Multiplier Effects -- 27

4 Reinvigorating the 'Social Protection for Food Security and Nutrition' Agenda and Commitment to Action -- 28

4.1 Global Commitments to Better Link Poverty with Hunger and Malnutrition -- 28

4.2 Global Platforms to Connect Partners for Accelerated Country Action -- 29

4.3 Evidence Generation to Support Advocacy Efforts, Guide Strategic Investments, and Inform Policy and Pro gramme Design. -- 30

4.4 Tailored Country Approaches Grounded in Political Will, Coordinated Action, Robust Evidence and Innova tive, Consistent Financing -- 30

4.5 a Call to Collective Action -- 35

Conclusion -- 36

References -- 38

Annex A: Research Gaps Identified by the Social Protection for Nutrition (SP4N) Collective 44

Photo credits 47