Foreword 3

Acknowledgements 4

Executive summary 9

1 Introduction 11

1.1 The number of missions and mission-like initiatives has grown rapidly since the end of the 2010s 13

1.2 The development of the mission-oriented innovation policies concept and mission academic community 14

1.3 Mission-oriented innovation policies hold many future promises 15

1.4 A new wind is blowing on missions 17

1.5 It is time for a thorough stocktaking of lessons learnt and knowledge gaps on missions 17

1.6 The Mission Forward book 18

References 19

Notes 20

2 Framing missions to set them on the right course 22

2.1 What challenges are best addressed by a mission-oriented innovation policy approach? 25

2.2 What are the characteristics of “well-framed” missions? 27

2.3 How can missions be framed well? 31

2.4 What tools are used to frame missions? 39

References 44

Notes 46

3 Enlisting actors, programmes and budgets from science, technology and innovation and beyond 48

3.1 What are missions’ main governance structures and arrangements? 50

3.2 How can missions be made truly systemic, beyond science, technology and innovation? 54

References 62

Notes 64

4 Crowding in missions: Engaging private sector actors and stakeholders in missions 65

4.1 What factors deter private sector actors and stakeholders from becoming involved in

missions? 67

4.2 What mission design and consultation processes are the most effective in attracting private sector engagement? 69

4.3 What type of policies and incentives are the most effective in attracting private sector investment in the missions? 73

4.4 How can societal, non-profit and other stakeholders to buy-in to the mission objectives be increased? 79

References 82

Notes 82

5 Delivering on mission co-developed strategic agendas 84

5.1 What changes of instruments and incentives do missions require? 86

5.2 What skills, capabilities and modes of empowerment are required in mission teams for delivering on missions? 88

5.3 What are appropriate mission monitoring and evaluation methodologies, criteria, processes and practices? 92

References 96

Notes 97

6 Conclusion 98

6.1 Mission-oriented policies in the current policy context 100

6.2 Mission-orientated policies: adaptation not reinvention 100

6.3 The role of the OECD work on missions in the coming years 101

References 102

Notes 102

Annex A. A unique process to promote dialogue between mission academics and

mission practitioners Conclusion 103

Annex B. Composition of the Mission Forward Policy Support Group 107

Annex C. Composition of the Mission Forward Academic Board 108

Annex D. Mission Forward conference participants 109

Annex E. Mission Forward conference sessions 111

Annex F. OECD definition and typology of missions 112

OECD definition of mission-oriented innovation policies 112

OECD typology of mission-oriented innovation policies 112

References 113

Annex G. Bibliometric analysis of mission-oriented and transformative innovation

policy literature 114

Implications for policy and research 119

References 120

Note 120