EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2

INTRODUCTION 5

1. EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL R&I COOPERATION IN EU FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES 8

1.1. ASSOCIATION TO HORIZON EUROPE – THE STATE OF PLAY 11

1.2. A PARADIGM SHIFT IN ASSOCIATION: A NETWORK OF INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS 18

2. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION ON R&I UNDER HORIZON EUROPE 24

2.1. WHAT IS THE EXPERIENCE OF ASSOCIATED COUNTRIES? 24

2.2. CASE STUDY: UK EXPERIENCE WITH HORIZON 2020 AND HORIZON EUROPE 30

2.3. IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED TO ASSOCIATION: THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT’S VIEW 35

2.4. BEYOND ASSOCIATION: GLOBAL R&I COLLABORATION AND THE ROLE OF LMICS 37

3. FP10: WHAT FUTURE FOR INTERNATIONAL R&I COLLABORATION? 45

3.1. CHALLENGES FOR ASSOCIATION: DESIGN, GOVERNANCE AND OVERALL MISSION 47

3.2. HORIZON EUROPE AND LMICS 58

4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FP10 62

REFERENCES 66