Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 2

Introduction 4

Prior Research 6

Data and Methods 12

Results 18

Conclusion 26

References 30

Appendix 1. Alternative Comparison Groups 48

Tables 41

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of samples. 2022 41

Table 2. Household poverty rate by household type. 2022 43

Table 3. Labor market outcomes of adult women by co-residential status. 2022 44

Table 4. Receipt of public and private transfers by household type. 2022 45

Table 5. Daily per capita household income by source and women's co-residential status expressed in 2021 US$ PPP 46

Table 6. The targeting of public transfers and the extent to which they reduce poverty in lone-mother households. 2022 47

Figures 37

Figure 1. Trends in lone motherhood in Latin America and the Caribbean. 2007-2022 37

Figure 2. Trends in household types in Latin America and the Caribbean. 2007-2022 38

Figure 3. Trends in lone mothers' marital status in Latin America and the Caribbean. 2007-2022 39

Figure 4a. The cumulative distribution of daily per capita household consumption by women's co-residential status expressed in 2021 US$ PPP 40

Figure 4b. The density of daily per capita household consumption by women's co-residential status expressed in 2021 US$ PPP 40

Appendix Tables 50

Table A1. Definitions of Subgroups. 2022 50

Table A2. Poverty Rates Compared to Other Subgroups. 2022 51