Title page 1

Contents 4

Acknowledgements 6

Abbreviations 7

About this report 8

Executive summary 9

CHAPTER 1. Introducing the 2025 LPI 2.0 11

Why is logistics important for trade and development? 11

Conceptual framework of the LPI 2.0 and evolution from the original LPI 11

The new indicators 12

Core indicators 12

Supplementary indicators 13

CHAPTER 2. What the LPI 2.0 reveals about logistics performance 16

Connectivity 16

Time 16

The special situation of landlocked developing countries 19

Assessing supply chain reliability using the dispersion of delays 19

Additional insights from supplementary indicators 21

CHAPTER 3. From indicators to policy interventions 23

A strategic framework for logistics performance 23

Using the LPI 2.0 to prioritize and tailor reforms 25

Notes 27

References 28

Table 1.1. The six core indicators of the LPI 2.0 12

Table 1.2. Supplementary indicators of the LPI 2.0 13

Figure 2.1. Connectivity varies substantially across regions and income groups 17

Figure 2.2. Connectivity is positively correlated with the size of the accessible market, 2024 18

Figure 2.3. Nearly half of containers are transshipped, adding to maritime lead time, 2024 18

Figure 2.4. Several middle-income economies have low import dwell times, but many have very high dwell times, 2024 19

Figure 2.5. Landlocked developing countries experienced exceptionally long but uneven container import times, 2024 20

Figure 2.6. The highest time dispersion happens when goods are not in motion-such as while in ports 20

Figure 2.7. Dispersion increases with the median dwell time and is higher for imports than for exports 21

Figure 2.8. Import dwell time for the port of Le Havre (France), port of Apapa (Nigeria), and port of Algiers (Algeria), 2024 21

Figure 2.9. Average weighted ship turnaround time is shorter than import dwell time but still high in some economies, 2024 22

Figure 2.10. Business-to-business postal delivery times tend to be longer than business-to-consumer postal delivery times,... 22