CONTENTS

Key Takeaways 1

Introduction 4

Methodology 4

Overall Findings 7

Specialization Rankings 7

Top 10 Producers 12

The China Juggernaut 15

The Fall of the OECD 18

The United States and OECD vs China and the Rest of the World 19

Industry Profiles 21

IT and Information Services 21

Computers, Electronics, and Optical Products 25

Chemicals 29

Machinery and Equipment 33

Basic Metals 37

Motor Vehicles 41

Fabricated Metals 45

Pharmaceuticals 49

Electrical Equipment 53

Other Transportation Equipment 57

Top 10 Producer Profiles 61

China 61

United States 65

Germany 71

Japan 75

South Korea 79

India 83

United Kingdom 87

France 91

Taiwan 95

Italy 99

Other Producers 102

Canada 102

Mexico 106

Vietnam 109

Select Regional Groupings 113

EU-17 113

EU-10 115

The Commonwealth 117

The Quad 119

Belt & Road Members 121

Appendices 123

Appendix A: Hamilton Index Industries 123

Appendix B: Country Groupings 124

Appendix C: Hamilton Index Calculations 125

Appendix D: Specialization Index Calculations 126

Endnotes 127