Contents

Introduction 2

2025 Rankings 3

Analysis 6

Key Findings 7

The United States loses ground 7

China gains advantage 8

India reaches major power status 10

Russia resurges 11

Status quo Japan 13

Southeast Asia’s winners and losers 15

Australia faces challenges 16

Measures of Power 18

Economic capability 18

Military capability 19

Resilience 20

Future resources 21

Economic relationships 22

Defence networks 23

Diplomatic influence 24

Cultural influence 25

2025 Power Gap 26

Methodology 27

Indicators and Sources 28

About the Authors 35