Foreword 3

Preface 4

Executive summary 5

1 The investment deficit in frontier markets 6

2 From humanitarian action to sustainable investment in frontier markets 7

2.1 HRI framework for frontier market cooperation 7

3 Operationalizing the HRI framework for frontier market cooperation 12

3.1 Leveraging a global network of partners 12

3.2 Role of the African Development Bank 12

3.3 HRI Roadmap for Africa 14

4 Join us in transforming Africa’s frontier markets 17

Appendix 18

Contributors 20

Endnotes 21