Executive Summary vii

Part 1. Increasing the fiscal space of developing

countries to achieve the SDGs 1

Part 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards 9

2.1 The 2021 SDG Index 9

2.2 The SDG Index score over time 13

2.3 Impact of COVID‑19 on key SDG indicators 20

2.4 International spillovers 26

2.5 The SDG dashboards 28

Part 3. Policy Efforts and Monitoring Frameworks

for the SDGs 41

3.1 Political leadership and policy environment: results from

the 2021 SDSN Government Effort Survey for the SDGs 41

3.2 The six SDG Transformations scorecards 44

3.3 Data, statistics, and monitoring 58

Part 4. Methods Summary and Data Tables 65

4.1 Interpreting the SDG Index and Dashboards results 65

4.2 Changes to the 2021 edition and main limitations 65

4.3 Methodology (overview) 68

References 87

Part 5. Country Profiles 95