Contents

Summary 4

1 Background 7

1.1 What is asylum? 7

1.2 Who is an asylum seeker? 8

1.3 What percentage of migrants are asylum seekers? 8

1.4 Sources of asylum statistics 9

1.5 What about resettled refugees? 9

1.6 Ukrainian refugees 10

2 Asylum in the United Kingdom 13

2.1 Asylum applications and initial decisions 13

2.2 Final outcomes of asylum applications 16

2.3 Asylum appeals 19

2.4 The total asylum caseload 20

2.5 Where do asylum seekers come from? 23

2.6 Grants of international protection by nationality 24

2.7 How many dependants accompany asylum seekers? 26

2.8 Where do asylum seekers live? 26

3 Refugee resettlement and family reunion 29

3.1 What is resettlement? 29

3.2 How many people are resettled in the UK? 30

3.3 Resettlement from Afghanistan (2021 to 2025) 31

3.4 Refugee family reunion 32

4 Asylum in the European Union 34

4.1 Asylum applications in EU countries 34

4.2 From where do asylum seekers come to the EU? 37

4.3 Grants of asylum in EU countries 38

5 Channel crossings 41