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Contents About This Report iii

Executive Summary v

Figures and Tables ix

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1

The Case for Bilateral Cooperation 1

A Common Framework for Joint Action 2

Scope 4

Potential Limitations 4

Next Steps 4

CHAPTER 2 Methodology 5

CHAPTER 3 A Joint Framework for Engaging Frontier Labs 7

Toward a Cluster-Based Approach 8

Advantages of This Framing 10

Prioritizing Controls Based on Risk 13

Measuring Improvements Across the AI Industry 14

CHAPTER 4 Recommendations 15

Establish Joint Threat Intelligence Infrastructure for AI Security 15

Accelerate Transatlantic Hardware Security Research and Development 16

Extend Government Personnel Security Practices to Frontier Labs 17

Coordinate Supply-Chain Security and Procurement Guidance 17

Expand Bilateral Support for Red-Teaming and Model Evaluations 18

Conduct Regular Joint AI Risk Management and Crisis Exercises 19

Establish Common AI Security Standards and Assurance Frameworks 19

CHAPTER 5 Conclusion 21

APPENDIX Connecting the Framework and the Recommendations 23

Abbreviations 25

References 27

About the Authors 31