1 Background  7

1.1 Policy  8

Warm Homes Plan  10

2 Small-scale solar installations  11

2.1 Economic and jobs impact  11

2.2 Domestic installations  12

Savings on energy bills  12

Considerations for homeowners  13

Considerations for renters  13

Flats and social housing  14

New homes  14

2.3 Commercial, industrial and public buildings  15

Solar Canopies  16

2.4 Challenges for wide scale rollout  16

Asset visibility issues  17

Voltage issues  17

'Utility death spiral' and price cannibalisation  18

2.5 New types of PV installation  19

Plug-in solar  19

Indoor PV  19

Building-integrated PV  20

2.6 Battery storage  20

3 Manufacturing and supply chains  21

3.1 Manufacturing in the UK  22

3.2 Solar PV waste and recycling  22

3.3 Manufacturing costs  22

4 Current and future technology  24

4.1 Materials  24

Silicon versus newer materials  26

Tandem/combined materials  26