1 INTRODUCTION  1

2 OVERVIEW OF THE SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATION LANDSCAPE  3

2.1 Institutional and Government Sector  5

2.2 Private Industrial Sector  34

2.3 NewSpace Sector  37

2.4 Data Access and Processing  40

2.5 International Initiatives  60

2.6 Current Overall Earth Observation Market Estimates and Growth Forecasts  62

2.7 Benefits of Using Satellite Earth Observation Information  66

2.8 Future Trends in the Earth Observation and Geospatial Information Landscape  71

3 USE CASES OF SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATION IN ADB DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS  76

Earth Observation Use Cases in the Context of ADB Operations  76

3.1 Earth Observation Use Case 1: Basic Land Surface Type (Cover) Mapping and Monitoring  77

3.2 Earth Observation Use Case 2: Disaster Risk Management and Disaster Risk Reduction  86

3.3 Earth Observation Use Case 3: Climate Resilience and Proofing  102

3.4 Earth Observation Use Case 4: Coastal Zone Management  111

3.5 Earth Observation Use Case 5: Forest Monitoring and Management  122

3.6 Earth Observation Use Case 6: Greenhouse Gases Mapping and Monitoring  130

3.7 Earth Observation for Development Monitoring: A Use Case on the Urban Environment  141

4 CONCLUSIONS  149