Foreword  7

1 Introduction  9

2 Background  11

2.1 Starting point  11

2.1.1 National Space Strategy 2018–2025  11

2.1.2 Space economy  11

2.1.3 Societal impact  12

2.1.4 Security, defence and security of supply  13

2.1.5 National legislation and international obligations  14

2.1.6 International cooperation  16

2.2 Analysis  17

2.2.1 Utilisation of space services  17

2.2.2 Space operating environment  18

2.2.3 Critical expertise and capabilities  19

2.2.4 International cooperation  19

3 Vision and objectives of the strategy  21

3.1 Vision and values  21

3.2 Objectives and goals  21

3.2.1 Utilisation of space services  22

3.2.2 Space operating environment  24

3.2.3 Capabilities  26

3.2.4 International cooperation  28

4 Funding and implementation of the strategy  32

4.1 Implementation programme and cooperation across sectoral boundaries  32

4.2 Available resources and funding needs  32

4.3 Communication plan  33

5 Monitoring  35