Key Takeaways  1

Introduction  3

Why the Free Trade Vision Failed  4

Why a New Approach Is Needed  8

Defining Strategic Techno-Economic Agreements  11

Pillars and Components of A Strategic Techno-Economic Agreement  12

What Should Be Required to Join an STEA  13

Components to Advance Allies' National Economic Power Industry Development  15

Preferred Market Access Among Partners  15

Digital Economy Integration  16

National Power Industries Collaboration  17

Defense Production and Security Elements  20

High-Skilled Talent Movement  21

Joint Antitrust Interpretation Focused on Competitiveness  21

Nonmarket Economies Clause  22

Components to Constrain the PRC's National Power Industry Development  23

Immediate Reciprocity  23

Fully Integrated Investment Screening  26

Full Export Control Alignment  27

Joint Section 301-Like Investigations  28

Joint Sovereign Fund to Reverse Chinese Technology Adoption  29

Joint Import Bans  30

Limiting Chinese R&D Funding  32

Shared Commercial Counterintelligence  32

Precedents: The United States Has Implemented Variations of an STEA's Components  33

Precedents for the Components for Advancing Allies' National Economic Power Industry Development  33

Precedents for the Components for Constraining the PRC's National Power Industry Development  36

Likely Sources of Opposition  40

Conclusion  41

Endnotes  43