Acknowledgments  V

Executive Summary  VI

Introduction  1

Pathways for Enhancing U.S. Shipbuilding Capability and Capacity  3

Criteria for Evaluating Cooperation Pathways  4

Pathway Evaluation  5

Allied Acquisition of, Partnership with, or Investment in U.S. Shipyards  5

Previous or Current Cases  6

Pathway Evaluation  9

Key Takeaways  13

Coproduction  14

Previous or Current Cases  14

Pathway Evaluation  15

Key Takeaways  20

Purchase of Foreign Ships  21

Previous or Current Cases  21

Pathway Evaluation  22

Key Takeaways  25

Foreign Cooperation on Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul  26

Strategic and Operational Benefits of Expanded MRO Cooperation  28

Allied MRO Paired with U.S. Yard Conversion  29

Key Takeaways  30

Hybrid Approaches in Action  32

Origins of Icebreaker Cooperation  33

Two Arctic Security Cutter Approaches  33

Implications for Future Cooperation  35

Conclusion  36

About the Authors  40

About CSIS  42

Endnotes  43