Executive summary  vi

Part I - Immigrant integration in Europe in 2024  vi

Part II - A decade of change in the economic integration of migrants (2015-2024)  ix

Introduction  1

PART I: IMMIGRANTS IN THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET  3

Immigrant population - size  3

Immigrant population - characteristics  4

Immigrant population - labour market outcomes  6

PART II: A DECADE OF CHANGE IN THE ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS (2015-2024)  17

Migrants as a structural component of European societies  18

Changing composition of the migrant population  19

Conclusions  33

Tables appendix – Part I  35

Tables appendix – Part II  60

Technical appendix – Part I  104

Technical appendix - Part II  107