List of abbreviations  4

Summary  5

Introduction  7

1. Rosatom in the war in Ukraine  10

1.1. ZNPP and other energy facilities of Ukraine  11

1.2. The IAEA at Ukraine's nuclear facilities  19

2. Rosatom in Russia  26

2.1. Rosatom and society in wartime  26

2.2. Rosatom's governance framework  28

Energy, innovations and construction of new capacities  33

2.3.1. Construction of NPPs in Russia, innovative and prospective

energy technologies and projects  35

2.3.2. Space nuclear technologies  39

2.4. Rosatom in the Arctic  40

2.4.1. Militarization of the Arctic and Rosatom  45

2.4.2. The nuclear legacy in the Arctic  48

2.5. Sanctions and import substitution  51

3. Rosatom abroad  55

3.1 Rosatom in the CIS  55

3.2. Rosatom projects in the EU and the USA  60

Construction of the Paks II NPP in Hungary  60

Nuclear fuel cycle services for Western countries  64

Conclusions and forecasts for Chapter 3.2  73

3.3. Rosatom projects in countries of the Global South  74

Turkey, Akkuyu NPP  74

Egypt, El Dabaa NPP  81

China, Tianwan NPP and Xudapu NPP  85

India, Kudankulam NPP  89

Bangladesh, Rooppur NPP  92

Iran, Bushehr NPP  95

Projects in Latin America  100

Projects in Central and Southern Africa  103

Projects in Asian countries  106

Conclusions and forecasts for Chapter 3.3  107

Conclusion  109