About  2

Key highlights  2

Executive summary  3

Chapter 1: System-level resilience vital for ASEAN to withstand future shocks  8

1.1 Why threats matter in ASEAN  8

1.2 Renewables strengthen system-level resilience  10

Chapter 2: Designing resilience into ASEAN's power systems  14

2.1 Anticipate disruptions - early warning buys time  16

2.2 Absorb shocks - balancing demand during shocks  17

2.3 Recover rapidly - backup power fostering rapid recovery  18

2.4 Flexibility – the ultimate defence  19

Chapter 3: Mapping impacts across selected cases  22

Case study 1: Indonesia – Solar plus battery relieve impacts after earthquake  22

Case study 2: The Philippines – Grid interconnections accelerate power system recovery after typhoon  24

Case study 3: Viet Nam – Grid upgrade and demand flexibility can minimise curtailment and maintain stability  26

Chapter 4: Aligning energy and disaster planning can improve access, supporting just transition  28

Supporting materials  33