Abstract  2

Executive summary  3

Policy context  3

Key conclusions  3

Main findings  3

Quick guide  4

1. Introduction  5

2. Resilient and sustainable clean energy supply chains  6

2.1. Strengthening clean energy supply chains: The interplay of policy making and data availability  6

2.2. Standardization for enhancing energy supply chain resilience  8

2.3. R&I challenges and opportunities for secure, sustainable and competitive clean energy value chains  10

2.4. Clean technology supply chains today  13

3. Effective strategies for collection, management and sharing of data  16

3.1. Data strategies for monitoring and implementing the Net-Zero Industry Act  16

3.2. Challenges and actions to mitigate data collections  18

3.3. Understanding cost drivers in the solar supply chain: A competitiveness analysis of module manufacturing  20

4. Modelling supply chains and production capacities  23

4.1. Supply chain insights on wind turbine manufacturing  23

4.2. Tracking European (and US) investments into clean tech manufacturing  25

4.3. State interventionism and the shifting geographies of solar PV technologies  27

4.4. International trends of Life cycle assessment for clean energy  29

5. Conclusions  33

List of abbreviations and definitions  35

List of figures  36