Preface i

Executive summary ii

Tables viii

Boxes viii

Abbreviations ix

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

  1.1. Background and objectives 1

  1.2. Methodology, scope and structure of the report 1

Chapter 2. Understanding the use of technology within SSG/M 3

  2.1. Context of digitalisation in SSG/M 3

  2.2. Balancing the use of technologies with good-governance principles in SSG/M 3

Chapter 3. Exploring novel technologies and their impact on SSG/M 5

  3.1. Mapping novel technologies and their use in SSG/M 5

Chapter 4. Enhancing good governance practices for the use of technology in SSG/M 28

  4.1. Co-design with end users should guide technology development 28

  4.2. Technologies should be adapted to local contexts, with clear justification for their use 29

  4.3. Security organisations should be explicit about the need for a technology and weigh it against any risks it may expose them to 29

  4.4. Maintain a multi-layered approach to the oversight of automated processes 30

  4.5. Internal policies should be implemented alongside external regulations 31

  4.6. Ensure that dedicated training is put in place to accompany technology developments 33

Chapter 5. Conclusions and recommendations 36

  5.1. Technologies can strengthen good governance if risks are well understood and taken into consideration 36

  5.2. Provide thought leadership and multi-stakeholder engagement forums 37

  5.3. Support knowledge sharing and awareness of technology developments in SSG/M 37

  5.4. Help make good governance principles ‘business as usual’ 37

References 38

Annex A. Targeted literature review 46

Annex B. Stakeholder interviews 47