Executive summary 4

Energy policy landscape 11

  Climate and energy strategy 11

  Energy efficiency 17

  End-use sectors 20

  Electricity 31

  Fuels 44

  Affordability 53

  Energy investment and financing 54

  Recommendations 56

Focus areas 60

  Expansion and integration of variable renewables 60

  Recommendations 73

  Energy performance and competitiveness of industry 74

  Recommendations 81

Annexes 83