Contents

Section 1 – Introduction

Section 2 – AI and cyber capabilities 2

  2.1 The use of AI in cyber attacks 2

Case study: AI-assisted breach of Mexico’s government infrastructure 3

  2.2 Frontier AI cyber capabilities 4

Section 3 – Financial authorities’ policy responses 8

Section 4 – Concluding remarks 14

References 15

Annex 19

  A.1 Tactics and techniques used in cyber attacks 19

  A.2 Model comparison table 21

  A.3 Comparison of open and closed source models 22

  A.4 Comparison of guidance relevant to frontier AI models from international standard setters 23