Introduction 1

Congressional Research Service Products 2

  CRS Products 2

  Government Accountability Office 3

House and Senate Committee Prints and Hearings 5

  Committee Prints 5

  Hearings 5

Office of Management and Budget 8

  Guidance Documents for Agencies 8

  Agency Contingency Plans 10

  Impacts and Costs of Shutdowns 10

    FY1996 10

    FY2014 10

    FY2019 11

    FY2026 11

Office of Personnel Management 11

Presidential Materials 12

  Presidential Statements Related to FY1996 Shutdowns 12

    The November 1995 Shutdown 12

    The December 1995–January 1996 Shutdown 13

  Presidential Statements Related to FY2014 Shutdown 14

  Presidential and Administration Statements Related to the FY2018 Shutdown 15

  Presidential Statements Related to FY2019 Shutdown 16

  Presidential Statements Related to FY2026 Shutdown 17