Introduction 1

I. Issues in measuring changes in poverty over time 3

II. The results, part 1: Changes in poverty rates and the poverty gap since 1967 6

III. The results, part 2: Changes in deep poverty 11

IV. Trends by race and ethnicity 14

V. Patterns in the poverty data 16

VI. Disparate changes in safety net programs over this period and their effects on poverty and deep poverty 17

VII. Policy implications 21

Appendix: Issues in poverty measurement 23

Endnotes 29

References 31