Executive Summary 1

Introduction 2

The Seesawing U.S.-India Relationship: 1947–2000 3

U.S. Strategic Assumptions About India in the 2000s 5

To Uphold or Reject the Liberal International Order? 8

India and the Liberal International Order 9

The United States Contests the Order It Built 11

Divergences in the U.S.-India Relationship 12

The Convergences 18

A Window Into the Post–Liberal International Order 20

Conclusion 21