About This Report iii

Summary v

Figures and Tables ix

CHAPTER 1 1

  Introduction 1

  China’s Dominance of Critical Mineral Supply Chains Creates Vulnerability for the United States 1

  The Federal Policy Response to the Critical Mineral Risk 2

  Study Approach 6

CHAPTER 2 8

  The Economic Logic of Critical Mineral Policies 8

  Economics of Critical Mineral Policy 8

  Criteria for Evaluating Critical Mineral Policy Tools 9

  Applying the Criteria to Major Critical Mineral Policy Tools 12

CHAPTER 3 19

  Industry Perspectives on Critical Mineral Policy Tools 19

CHAPTER 4 30

  Summary and Recommendations  30

APPENDIX 32

  Supplementary Interviewee Responses Heat Maps 32

Abbreviations 37

References 38

About the Authors 43