Preface 3

Executive summary 4

Introduction: Governing cybersecurity as an economic risk 5

Pillar 1 Building a common language for cybersecurity 7

Pillar 2 From cost centre to business value enabler 10

Pillar 3 Cybersecurity as an economic stabilizer 13

Pillar 4 Financing digital resilience 17

Pillar 5 A call to action for senior leaders 19

Appendix: Methodology 22

Contributors 23

Endnotes 25