Preface 3

Foreword 4

Acknowledgements 5

Reader’s guide 11

Abbreviations and acronyms 13

Executive summary 15

Chapter 1. Understanding poverty, inequalities and their interlinkages 17

  1.1. Poverty relates to deprivation, while inequalities centre on distributional differences 18

  1.2. Poverty and inequalities are multidimensional and intersecting, affecting people’s rights, resources, opportunities and resilience 20

  1.3. Poverty and inequalities share immediate and structural causes and often drive one another 24

  References 26

Chapter 2. Making poverty and inequality reduction core to strategic planning and intervention design 29

  2.1. Anchoring poverty and inequality reduction as overarching goals 30

  2.2. Translating poverty and inequality reduction goals into institution-wide strategies, policy frameworks and guidelines, shaped with partners 37

  2.3. Making strategic design choices for poverty and inequality reduction approaches 43

  2.4. Informing intervention design with poverty- and inequality-sensitive tools 48

  References 61

  Notes 67

Chapter 3. Targeting and mobilising resources for sustained poverty and inequality reduction 68

  3.1. Targeting concessional resources where they are most needed to tackle poverty and inequalities 69

  3.2. Strengthening equitable domestic revenue mobilisation through support to tax systems in L&MICs 81

  3.3. Mobilising and steering private finance for inclusive economic development 94

  3.4. Harnessing the broader development finance ecosystem for social outcomes 103

  References 110

  Notes 119

Chapter 4. Fostering equitable partnerships for effective poverty and inequality reduction 120

  Framing equitable partnerships: Equity in process and outcomes 121

  4.1. Supporting government strategies, policies and systems for poverty and inequality reduction 124

  4.2. Partnering with civil society actors as agents of change for inclusive development 141

  4.3. Centring people facing poverty and marginalisation through meaningful participation and engagement 150

  References 161

  Notes 170

Chapter 5. Strengthening accountability and impact for poverty and inequality reduction through data, monitoring and evaluation systems 171

  5.1. Investing in inclusive data, evidence and research systems for poverty and inequality reduction 173

  5.2. Integrating poverty and inequalities into results and monitoring frameworks 189

  5.3. Evaluating development co-operation’s contribution to poverty and inequalities 199

  5.4. Creating an institutional structure and culture that delivers on poverty and inequality reduction 214

  References 217