About These Conference Proceedings iii

Figures vii

Building Resilience Against Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Biological Threats: Conference Proceedings from a Follow-Up RAND and Helena Workshop, May 2026 1

  January 2026 Workshop Overview 2

  May 2026 Workshop 4

  Conclusion 20

APPENDIX

Scenario Summaries 21

  Scenario 1: Pandemic Disruption with a Virus Scenario 21

  Scenario 2: Agroterrorism with a Fungus Scenario 22

  Scenario 3: Critical Infrastructure Attack with a Bacteria Scenario 22

Abbreviations 25

References 27

About the Authors 29