Executive summary 7

Introduction 11

  The ASEAN Power Grid 11

  The APG Implementation Framework 14

  Scope of the report 16

Chapter 1. Domestic enablers for cross-border power trade 17

  Overview of domestic enablers criteria 17

  Domestic enablers set the foundation for cross-border power trade 19

Chapter 2. Co-operation arrangements for cross-border trade 32

  Overview of co-operation arrangement criteria 32

  Bilateral agreements have enabled early power trade, but do not scale 34

  “Pathfinder” corridors provide an opportunity for broader co-operation 36

Chapter 3. International experiences and implications for ASEAN countries 44

  Institutional co-ordination 45

  CBA, cost allocation and transmission pricing 51

  Technical co-operation 58

Chapter 4. Pathways to accelerate APG implementation 65

  Domestic actions: Strengthening foundations for cross-border power trade 66

  Co-operation arrangements: From bilateral initiatives to regional frameworks 70

Annexes 75

  Annex A: The APG Implementation Framework 75

  Annex B: Assessment of domestic enablers in participating countries 79

  Abbreviations and acronyms 91