Acknowledgements iv

Abbreviations and acronyms v

Introduction 1

 What are nationally determined contributions 3.0? 1

 Why include health? 2

 Global Stocktake results – health 2

 Purpose of this review 3

Headline findings 4

Implications of the findings 5

 Health co-benefits of mitigation action and air pollution targets 5

 Health sector mitigation 6

 Adaptation 6

 Loss and damage to health 7

 Finance 7

Methods 10

 Limitations 11

Findings: health in nationally determined contributions 3.0 12

 Leadership and enabling environment 12

 National circumstances and policy priorities 14

 Mitigation 16

 Adaptation 20

 Loss and damage to health 24

 Finance 25

Conclusion 26

References 27

Annex 1. Quality criteria for integrating health into nationally determined contributions 29

Annex 2. NDCs 3.0 reviewed 31

Annex 3. Indicator framework 32

Annex 4. Results by NDC documents 35