Secondary Liability in Copyright 1

The Task at Hand 2

A Metric to Gauge Revolutionary Change 2

Schematizing the Past 2

  A Rhapsody for Gershwin 2

  Holy, Holy, Holy 3

Evaluating the Present 3

  Fear and Loathing 3

  Plugging a Holey Ruling 5

Predicting the Future 5

  Precedents Revisited 5

  Intermediaries Providing Space to Infringers 6

  Pure Piracy Websites 7

  Social Media that Welcome Infringement 7

  Marketplaces that Promote Infringing Sellers 8

  Advertising and Beyond 8

  Personalized Services 9

  Keeping Secondary Liability Almost Wholly Intact 10

Endnotes 11