Summary 1

Introduction 2

Gendered disinformation 3

Political disinformation attacks 3

Sexualising deepfakes: Accelerating AI uptake and revenue? 4

Actors and impacts 6

Strategic state or state‑sponsored actors 6

Impact on democracy and democratic resilience 8

Impact on information integrity 9

Gender bias in large language models (LLMs) 9

Men and boys in an AI‑accelerated information space 10

The EU's response 12

The external dimension 12

The democracy dimension 12

The digital dimension 12

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act 13

Directive on Combating Violence against Women 13

Role of the European Parliament 13