About This Paper iii

Summary v

Hardening Critical Infrastructure Software in an Era of Rapid AI Advancement: An Urgent 1

Call for Coordinated Action 1

Introduction 1

The Architecture of Vulnerability 2

Precedents for Coordinated Technical Transitions 3

From Discovery to Structural Understanding 6

Accelerating the Coordination Cycle 9

Recommendations 9

Abbreviations 13

References 14

About the Authors 18