목차
Executive Summary: Key facts and data 9
Chapter 1 Build, reinforce and protect: Democratic resilience in an era of multiple crises 13
Democratic governance in an uncertain world 16
Supporting democratic resilience 21
Chapter 2 Trust and democratic governance 53
Levels of trust in public institutions 54
Drivers of trust in the civil service 56
Political efficacy 58
Chapter 3 Satisfaction with public services 61
Serving citizens scorecards 62
Satisfaction with public services 70
Satisfaction with public services across population groups 72
Accessibility, responsiveness and quality of administrative services 74
Accessibility, responsiveness and quality of healthcare 76
Accessibility, responsiveness and quality of education 78
Accessibility, responsiveness and quality of justice 80
Chapter 4 Governance of the policy cycle 83
Openness and inclusiveness 84
Managing conflicts of interest 86
Lobbying and influence 88
Financing of political parties and electoral campaigns 90
Rule of law 92
Special feature: Transboundary impacts 94
Chapter 5 Regulatory governance 97
Stakeholder engagement 98
Regulatory impact assessment 100
Ex post evaluation 102
International regulatory co-operation 104
Resourcing of economic regulators 106
Chapter 6 Budgeting practices 109
Green budgeting 110
Gender budgeting 112
Independent fiscal institutions 114
Special feature: Managing health spending during COV ID-19 116
Chapter 7 Managing public procurement 119
Size of public procurement 120
Green public procurement strategies 122
Assessing green public procurement 124
Chapter 8 Infrastructure planning and delivery 127
Stakeholder participation in infrastructure decision making 128
Public infrastructure regulatory frameworks and permit procedures 130
Managing public integrity threats in infrastructure projects 132
Delivering environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient infrastructure 134
Chapter 9 Digital government and open government data 137
Digital by design: Steering an inclusive digital transformation
of the public sector 138
Leveraging artificial intelligence for proactive delivery of public policies
and services 140
Open government data for climate action 142
Chapter 10 Public revenues and production costs 145
General government revenues 146
Structure of general government revenues 148
Revenues by level of government 150
General government gross debt 152
Production costs and outsourcing 154
Chapter 11 Public spending 157
General government expenditures 158
Government expenditures by function (COFOG) 160
Breakdown of government spending by functions of social protection
and health (COFOG) 162
Cost effectiveness 164
Structure of government expenditures by economic transaction 166
Expenditure structure by level of government 168
Government investment spending 170
General government fiscal balance 172
General government structural balance 174
Inequality reduction and poverty 176
Chapter 12 Public employment and representation 179
Employment in general government 180
Gender equality in public sector employment 182
Gender equality in politics 184
Gender equality in the judiciary 186
Youth representation in politics 188
Chapter 13 Managing human resources 191
Mobility 192
Learning and development 194
Flexible ways of working 196
Measuring employee engagement 198
제목 페이지
내용물
약어 및 두문자어 5
요약 7
소개: 제조업과 미국의 미래 8
고급 제조를 위한 비전, 목표, 목표 및 권장 사항 9
목표, 목표 및 권장 사항 10
목표 1. 첨단 제조 기술 개발 및 구현 12
목표 1.1. 탈탄소화를 지원하기 위한 깨끗하고 지속 가능한 제조 활성화 12
목표 1.2. 마이크로일렉트로닉스 및 반도체용 제조 가속화 13
목표 1.3. 바이오경제를 지원하는 첨단 제조 구현 14
목표 1.4. 혁신소재 및 공정기술 개발 15
목표 1.5. 스마트 제조의 미래를 이끌다 16
목표 2. 첨단 제조 인력 육성 17
목표 2.1. 첨단 제조 인재 풀 확대 및 다양화 18
목표 2.2. 고급 제조 교육 및 훈련 개발, 확장 및 촉진 19
목표 2.3. 고용주와 교육 기관 간의 연결 강화 20
목표 3. 제조 공급망에 탄력성 구축 20
목표 3.1. 공급망 상호 연결 강화 21
목표 3.2. 제조 공급망 취약성을 줄이기 위한 노력 확대 21
목표 3.3. 첨단 제조 생태계 강화 및 활성화 22
추가 기관 간 기여자 24
부록 A. 에이전시 참여 및 지표 25
부록 B. 2018 전략 계획의 목표 달성 과정 27
부록 C. 자세한 권장 사항 33