* OECD는 만 15세 학생(중3~고1)의 학업 성취 추이를 국제적으로 비교하기 위해 3년 주기로 평가를 시행하고 있음
□ 한국 학생들은 OECD 회원국 중 수학 527점으로 1∼2위, 읽기 515점으로 1∼7위, 과학 528점으로 2∼5위로 높은 성취를 나타냈고 전체 81개국 중에서도 수학 3∼7위, 읽기 2∼12위, 과학 2∼9위로 높은 순위를 기록함. 코로나19를 겪으면서 OECD 국가들의 학업 성취도 점수는 전 영역에서 하락했지만, 한국은 점수가 소폭 상승함
□ 영국 시사주간지 이코노미스트 등 외신들은 선진국 전반의 학업성취도가 떨어진 가운데 한국·일본·싱가포르·대만 등 극소수 국가들은 오히려 학업성취도가 개선된 이유에 대해 '팬데믹에 대한 대응의 차이' 때문이라고 설명함. 학교 폐쇄에 따른 수업 차질 기간이 상대적으로 짧은 국가들이 대체로 성적이 좋았고, 원격 수업의 품질 차이도 학업성취도 격차를 만든 것으로 보인다고 분석함
□ 다만, 학생 간 학력 격차를 보여주는 ‘학교 내 수학 점수 분산 비율’은 한국이 98.1%로 OECD 평균(68.3%)보다 1.4배 높았음. 수학에서 하위 성취수준을 기록한 학생 비율은 2018년 15%에서 2022년 16.2%로 1.2%포인트, 상위 성취수준 비율은 21.4%에서 22.9%로 1.5%포인트 각각 늘면서 중위권이 줄어들고 상위권이 늘어나는 등 학력격차가 커짐
[출처]
왜 한국·일본·싱가포르 학생들 성적은 쑥…외신도 놀랐다 (2023.12.06.) / 연합뉴스
한국 학생 수학·읽기 OECD 최상위권…학습 격차도 최고 수준 (2023.12.05.) / 중앙일보
[참고자료]
「PISA 2022」 결과 발표 별첨 자료 (2023.12.05.) / 한국교육과정평가원
목차
Preface 3
Foreword 5
Acknowledgements 7
Reader’s Guide 14
Executive Summary 23
What is PISA? 40
OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 40
What is unique about PISA? 40
Which countries and economies participate in PISA? 40
Key features of PISA 2022 42
Where can you find the results? 44
1 Resilient education systems 45
What PISA 2022 tells us about the resilience of education systems 47
Components of resilience 55
2 How learning continued when schools were closed 62
Components of resilience: Keeping schools open longer 64
Components of resilience: Preparing students for autonomous and remote learning 69
Components of resilience: Providing positive learning experiences 75
Components of resilience: Removing obstacles to remote learning 79
Components of resilience: Providing support to maintain students’ learning and well-being 83
Components of resilience: Designing and implementing emergency policies 88
3 Life at school and support from home 94
Components of resilience: Providing support and discipline in mathematics lessons 96
Components of resilience: Creating a safe environment for learning on line and off line 102
Components of resilience: Ensuring students’ regular school attendance and punctuality 109
Components of resilience: Teaming up with parents to support learning and well-being 115
4 Selecting and grouping students 126
How education systems address student diversity 129
Charting students’ progress through schooling 131
Grouping and selecting students 144
Components of resilience: Reducing grade repetition and delaying tracking 160
5 Investments in a solid foundation for learning and well-being 167
How educational resources are allocated 169
Components of resilience: Providing high-quality and sufficient teaching and non-teaching staff 170
Components of resilience: Reducing student-teacher ratios and class size 176
Components of resilience: Providing adequate and high-quality educational material 177
Components of resilience: Providing access to high-quality digital devices and developing guidelines for their use 181
Components of resilience: Ensuring sufficient, but not excessive, time for learning 188
Components of resilience: Establishing schools as hubs for social interaction 197
6 Governing education systems 206
Allocation of education responsibilities 209
School admissions and transfers policies 229
Quality-assurance mechanisms 232
7 From data to insights 248
Examine why student performance declined so sharply 249
Provide all students with opportunities to fulfil their potential regardless of their backgrounds, and tailor policies to education systems’ particular contexts 250
Study resilient systems where learning, equity and well-being were maintained and promoted despite pandemic-related disruptions 251
