국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

Executive summary 13

1. Introduction 15

1.1. What to expect from this report 15

1.2. How can this report help policymakers? 15

1.3. Overview of the project 16

2. Tamil Nadu's emissions inventory 17

2.1. Energy sector 18

2.2. Industrial processes and product use 20

2.3. Agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) 20

2.4. Waste (wastewater and solid waste) 22

3. Modelling framework and scenario analysis for the future 24

3.1. Accounting for emissions 25

3.2. What the GCAM does not do 25

3.3. Drafting TN's long-term NZ transition plan 25

3.4. Key socio-economic assumptions 26

4. Results: TN's energy sector net-zero transition pathways 28

4.1. Industry sector 28

4.2. Transport sector 29

4.3. Building sector 33

4.4. Agriculture sector 34

4.5. Final energy demand 35

4.6. Power sector 36

5. What does TN's NZ transition mean for its emissions? 38

5.1. Energy sector emissions outlook 38

5.2. Land-use sector sequestration potential 40

6. Jobs, investment potential and co-benefits 44

7. Measurement, reporting and verification 46

8. Key insights, recommendations and conclusion 47

8.1. Key Insights 47

8.2. Key recommendations for sectoral targets 49

8.3. Conclusion 50

Annexure 1: Key inputs for and assumptions used in the model 51

Annexure 2: Forestry parameters 53

Acronyms 54

References 55

Table 1. The selected tree species and allocated area for the afforestation programme 40

Table 2. Power sector job potential under net-zero scenario 44

Table 3. New Additional Installed Capacity and associated investments potential during respective periods 45

Table 4. Sectoral targets to align with a net-zero future 49

Figure 1. Energy sector emissions in TN (2005-19) 18

Figure 2. Industrial emissions 19

Figure 3. Percentage share of GHG emissions, by fuel type, due to fuel combustion 19

Figure 4. GHG emissions estimate for the IPPU sector in TN 20

Figure 5. GHG emissions estimate for the AFOLU sector in TN (MtCO₂Eq) 21

Figure 6. Aggregate sources and non-CO₂ emissions sources on land 21

Figure 7. Land-use GHG emissions estimate (MtCO₂Eq) 22

Figure 8. GHG emissions of the waste sector in TN 23

Figure 9. Industrial wastewater emissions 23

Figure 10. Area-wise GHG emissions estimates for domestic wastewater 24

Figure 11. Schematic representation of the GCAM 25

Figure 12. Timeline of activities for TN's NZ transition plan 27

Figure 13. Final industrial energy demand in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 29

Figure 14. Transport service demand, by mode, in the passenger vehicle segment, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 30

Figure 15. Transport energy demand, by fuel, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 31

Figure 16. Building energy demand, by fuel, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 33

Figure 17. Building energy demand, by service, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 34

Figure 18. Agriculture energy demand, by fuel, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 35

Figure 19. Final energy demand, by fuel, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 35

Figure 20. Final energy demand, by sector, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 36

Figure 21. Electricity consumption, by sector, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 37

Figure 22. Electricity generation, by fuel, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 38

Figure 23. TN Energy sector emissions profile 39

Figure 24. Overall CO₂ emissions, in the BAU (a) and NZ (b) scenarios 39

Figure 25. The spatial distribution of SOC in the cropland area and the Q3 value (steady state) of the SOC from all the grid cells 42

Figure 26. The expansion of agroforestry area and carbon sequestration for the different rotational periods (10 and 15 years) considered in the study 42

Figure 27. The carbon sequestration of different tree species considered in this study based on different rotational periods (10 and 15 years) 43

Figure 28. MRV framework 46

Boxes

BOX 1. Electric Bus based Public transportation 32

Box Tables

Table B1. Buses Stocks Target, 2025-2050 32

Annex Tables

Table A1. Key socio-economic assumptions 51

Table A2. Assumptions on cost of electricity generation technologies 52

Table A3. Assumptions on the CUF of electricity generation technologies, 2020 52

Table A4. Sources of forest parameters for calculating the carbon stock 53