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Automation and gender : implications for occupational segregation and the gender skill gap
(자동화와 성별: 직업 분리와 성별 기술 격차에 대한 영향)목차
Title page
Contents
Abstract 3
1. Introduction 4
2. Automation and Gender: Some Descriptive Patterns 7
2.1. Automation Risk Measure 8
2.2. Gender Gaps in Automation Risk 8
3. Cross-Commuting Zone Analysis 11
3.1. Data 11
3.2. Empirical Strategy 12
3.3. Correlational Evidence Across Commuting Zones 13
3.4. Instrumental Variables Approach 15
3.5. Effects on Skill Investments 17
3.6. Between vs. Within Cohorts Effects 18
3.7. Alternative Hypotheses: Trade Shocks, Offshoring Potential, and Gender Norms 19
4. Model 20
4.1. Analytical Predictions 21
4.2. Evidence for Model Assumptions and Empirical Implications 23
5. Conclusion 26
References 28
Appendix 45
A. Data Appendix 45
B. Model Appendix - Proofs 46
C. Appendix Tables and Figures 49
Table 1. Routine Employment Share and Change in the Occupational Employment Shares within Commuting Zones, 1980-2017 39
Table 2. Routine Employment Share and Changes in Occupational Segregation by Gender within Commuting Zones, 1980-2017 40
Table 3. Routine Employment Share and Changes in College Share by Gender and the College Gap, 1980-2017 41
Table 4. Between and Within Cohorts Effects. Routine Employment Share, Changes in Occupational Distribution and Skill Investments, 1980-2017 42
Table 5. Changes in Employment Share of Specific Occupation Groups Defined Based on Social/Math Skill Intensity, 1980-2017 43
Table 6. Routine Employment Share and Change in Wage Levels within Commuting Zones, 1980-2017, Reduced Form OLS Estimates 44
Figure 1. Trends in Occupational Segregation and the Gender College Gap 33
Figure 2. Task Inputs, Changes in Occupational Shares, and Occupational Segregation 34
Figure 3. Change in Employment and RTI by Gender 35
Figure 4. Change in Aggregate Employment Share from 1980 to 2017 Across Broad Occupation Groups by Gender 36
Figure 5. Change in Employment by Female Share Percentile and CZ group 37
Figure 6. Change in Employment Share by CZ and Gender 38
Appendix Table 1. RTI and Other Occupational Characteristics 49
Appendix Table 2. Descriptive Statistics at the CZ and Decade Level 50
Appendix Table 3. First Stage Regressions 51
Appendix Table 4. Social and Math Skills Composition of Main Occupational Groups, 1980 52
Appendix Table 5. Robustness Tests 53
Appendix Table 6. Placebo Regressions - Routine Occupation Share and Changes in Occupational Segregation Pre-1980 54
Appendix Table 7. Robustness to Import Exposure and Offshorabilty 55
Appendix Table 8. Robustness to Controlling for Social Norms 56
Appendix Table 9. Occupation Classification 57
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Automation and gender : implications for occupational segregation and the gender skill gap
(자동화와 성별: 직업 분리와 성별 기술 격차에 대한 영향)
국가전략포털에서 실시간 AI 질의응답 서비스를 시작합니다. 4가지 유형의 요약과 번역을 이용해보시고, 보고서에 대해 추가로 알고 싶은 내용이 있으면 채팅창을 통해 자유롭게 AI에게 물어볼 수 있습니다.
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