국회도서관 국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

1.0. Introduction and Objectives 4

1.1. Introduction 4

1.2. Objectives 5

2.0. Why and How Mineral "Criticality" Should Be Assessed 6

2.1. Criticality Assessment Is Relevant for All Stakeholders 6

2.2. Key Steps to Define the Mineral Scope for Critical Minerals Policy Design 7

3.0. Step 1: Understanding criticality 8

3.1. Criticality Assessments 8

3.2. Key Characteristics That Define Criticality 9

4.0. Step 2: Taking stock 13

4.1. Key Questions to Guide the Criticality Assessment 13

4.2. Summary of Outcome Expected From Step 2 27

5.0. Step 3: Strategic considerations 28

5.1. National Priorities 28

5.2. Regional Initiatives 29

5.3. Global Responsibilities 30

6.0. Step 4: Review 32

7.0. Next Steps 34

8.0. Conclusion 36

References 37

Appendix A. List of Critical Minerals in Selected Countries 42

Appendix B. Mapping Selected Minerals and Metals Against Energy Transition and Digital Technologies 48

Appendix C. Data Checklist and Key Indicators of Risks Regarding Geological Consideration 50

Appendix D. Data Checklist and Key Indicators of Risks Regarding Production, Economic, and Market Considerations 52

Appendix E. Data Checklist and Key Indicators of Risks Regarding Social and Environment Considerations 60

Appendix F. Data Checklist and Key Indicators of Risks Regarding Geopolitical Considerations 62

Appendix G. Data Checklist and Key Indicators of Risks Regarding Governance, Legal, and Regulatory Issues 64

Appendix H. Where Critical and Conflict Minerals Overlap 67

Figure 1. A four-step approach to identify indicators to assess criticality and define strategic interests 7

Figure 2. A two-stage approach to knowing your resources and assessing their associated risks 27

Boxes

Box 1. Terminologies | Critical or strategic: Are these terms synonymous? 8

Box 2. Criticality: Time matters 10

Box 3. Criticality assessment from mineral-producing countries-debunking a misconception 11

Box 4. The importance of conducting the assessment despite possible data gaps 14

Box 5. What minerals are available in my country? 15

Box 6. How much do I produce and how will my production capacity evolve? 16

Box 7. How important is the mining sector to my country? 17

Box 8. Which minerals are essential to my country's strategic objectives? 18

Box 9. Is my domestic production sufficient to meet my industrial needs? 19

Box 10. Are my fiscal policies fit for purpose for appropriate collection of financial benefits and incentivization of local industrial development? 20

Box 11. What key social issues do I need to consider to constructively engage with mining-affected communities and ensure benefits for society at large? 21

Box 12. What environmental issues are critical for the sustainability of my mining sector? 22

Box 13. Which minerals are considered critical by my main trading partners, and what are the key industrial uses in those markets? 23

Box 14. What policies, legislation, and regulations have an impact on my mining sector? 24

Box 15. What global governance frameworks are applicable to my mining sector? 25

Table H1. What other minerals are associated with high-risk and conflict minerals? 67